Steam turbine



Dec. 26, 1922. LMLQZQ M. D CHURCH STEAM TURBINE.

FILED 0m. 17. 1921. 4 SHEETSSHEET I A'TTOFP/VEY Dec. 26, 1922. LMQZKDQ M. D. CHURCH. STEAM TURBINE. FILED OcT. 17, 1921 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2 fiwzwrok WZZAJ #TTOP/VEY Dec. 26, 1922.

4 SHEETS'SHEET 4 M. D CHURCH. STEAM TURBlNE. FILED OcT. 17. 1921 IVIAYNAED D. CHURCH, 0F HARTFOEI). CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOBJ TO THE TERRY STEADE TUEBl-TE CGIYLPANY, 0F I-LLETFORD, CONNEGTICU'I, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

STEiiE/l TURBINE.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that l, h/lAYNAim l). CHURCH, a citizen of the United'States, residiimat Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut have invented. a new and useful Improvement in Steam Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to multiple stage steam turbines of the class known as mixed pressure and bleeder turbines. In multiple stage turbines it is frequently desirable to take out or put in at one of the intermediate stages steam at pressure less than the pressure in the intake steam ring and greater than the pressure in the opening. F or the best results. the at which this steam is removed or added must be chosen with reference to the pressure conditions in the various stages. l reviously it has been customary to provide casings constructed with particular reference to the stage selected for adding or removing the steam.

The object of the present invention is to provide a. standard casing so designed and with the internal and active members so arranged that the turbine may be set up to operate, it desired without taking out or adding steam, or the elements can he so assembled that steam may be taken out or added at any one of several in order that the desired bleederor mixed pressure result may be attained most efiiciently.

This object is accomplished by designing the turbine casing with an intermediate pressure or bleeder chamber or chambers and forming an opening or openings the length of several of the intermediate stages, through the wall of the diaphragm and rotor chamber to this auxiliary chamber, which opening or openings may be completely shut off by the rims of the station ary nozzle diaphragms or any portion of the opening or openings may be lett ex posed by omitting or so disposing the diaphragms as to leave a space between the diaphragms and rotors, at the stage selected to take oil? or add the steam.

Figure l of the accompanying drawings shows a vertical section of a multiple stage turbine constructed according to this in- Serial. No. 508,180.

vention with a full complement of diaphragms and rotors. Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal-section of a portion of the turbine with some of the intermediate stage diaphragins and rotors omitted to provide a space between two diaphragms, as when the machine is built to be used as a mixed pressure or bleeder turbine. longitudinal section of a portion of the casing with the diaphragms and otors so arranged and the connections so made that steam may be wholly or partly shut off from the stages below the stage which the turbine is bled. Fig. l shows a transverse section on smaller scale of the casing taken on the line l4: on 2. Fig. 5 shows a transverse section of the casing on the plane indicated by the dotted line 55 on Fig.

Bleeder and mixed pressure turbines are essentially alike in construction, th former involves taking out and the latter putting in an available quantity of low pressure steam at an intermediate stage. In som cases it is desirable to bleed at one stage and put back that which is not required to keep the bleeding pressure constant, at a lower stage. This invention contemplates a con struction which may be readily arranged to meet any of these conditions.

The casings of these turbines are commonly made with a lower section 1 and an upper section 2 securely bolted together. At one end of the casing is an intake-head 3 and at the other end is an exhaust-head 4. The intake-head has an annular steam chamber 5 that is adapted to be connected with the high pressure supply oi steam and the exhaust-head has an opening 6 that is usually connected with a condenser.

The shaft 7 extends through suitably packed bearings 8 and 9 in the heads. Secured to the shalt at intervals are the several rotor wheels 10 having buckets 11 01"? the required capacity. Located between the rotors but with their rims closely fitted together and to the cylindrical bore of the casing are the stationary diaphragms 12 having nozzles 13. Steam is admitted at high pressure from the annular steam chamher through the nozzles 14: to the high pressure rotor wheels, and thence with varying pressure. from stage to stage it passes Fig. 3 shows a exhaust through which it escapes atv low pressure.

In the lower section oi; the casing is a chamberl5 and. through the cylindrical wall. of the diaphragm and rotorchamber to thisauxiiiarychamber is'an opening 16 that in the form. shown is'bridged by long1- tudinal ribs .17. This opening is made of such length that it spans the width of several of the intermediate stage dia phragms androtors, and the chamber has an external opening-18 that is designed to be providedwith a fitting or pipe connection 19, through which available steam from any external. source may be admitted to the chamber or through. which desired steam maybe taken from the chamber for any outside use. The fitting illustrated is in. the form oi an elbow provided with the requisite control valve 20.

To set up the machine tor normal use, that is, without provision for putting in or taking out steam, a full complement oi diaphragms is placed in the casing and a full. complement of rotors is fastened on the shaft. With all of the diaphragms in position their rims fit together and to the cylindrical bore of the casing with a steam-tight joint and completely close the opening to the auxiliary low pressure chamber, as illustrated in Fig.1, so that none of the steam flowing into the rotor and diaphragm chamber can pass to the auxiliary chamber. if it is desired to take otlsteam or put in steanr at any selected pressure stage, two of the diaphragms may be separated so as to leave a space at. that stage by leaving out one or more of the diaphragmsand rotors. This opens a passage for steam at, the desired pressure between the rotor chamber and the auxiliary chamber, as illustrated in iii 2, in which view two diaphragi'ns and rotors are omitted. When two diaphragms are separated they may be held in place by any suitable means for instance by blocls of suitable length fastened to the bringing ribs 1 in the space between the separated diaphragms. As the opening between the rotor chamber and the auxiliary chamber extends the width of several diaphragms the diaphragms may be located in the casing and i the rotors may be fastened on the shaft, so

the exposed area of the opening for the ad-' dition or withdrawal. of steam may be varied in position and size according to the exigencies of the particular caseygiving flexibility t the turbine as far as meeting special conditions of bleeding or mixed pressure is concerned. 1

The auxiliary low pressure chamber may be in both the upper and lower sections of the casing either with or without direct com munlcation between the upper and lower instance sections. In the form shown in Figs. 2 and 4.- the'lower section of the casing only has the auxiliary chamber. flu the term. shown in Figs. 3 and 5 both sections of the casing have an auxiliary chamber, but there no direct connection between the lower chamber andvthe upper chamber22 which has anopening 23 to the diaphragm and rotor chamber similar to the opening from the lower chamber. In this latter tormthere a 'l' fittin 2% connected with the outlet from y nozzles 29; also a flange 30 which extends from inside of the nozzles into contact with the diaphragm 31 outside of. the nozzles on the opposite side of the space. 1th this arrangement any quantity of steam up to the maximum flow through the turbine may be taken oil from the desired stage tlirmighthe lower chamber and out tor'use through the "i" fitting but should there be more steam available than is wanted foruse. the excess may be returned through the valve and the upper auxiliary chamber to the next lower stage of the turbine.

. As a result of this invention the diaphragms and rotors maybe arranged withll D in a casing of standard form designed so that the exact operating conditions of a user may be met in the most eliiclent manner, for the elements may be disposed either for tak' ing out or for putting in any availablelquantity of steam at any desired stage. The particular number of stages in the turbine is not essential to the invention nor is it material how many or tew or which of the diaphragms shall be omitted, these factors bc- .LOG

ing determined by the conditions tound in.

the plant where the turbine is to be used. The invention claimed is:

. l. A multiple stage steam turbine liaving a casing with a chamber containing a plurality of diaphragms and rotors, and an auxiliary chamliler with an opening from the aux iliary chamber to the diaphragm and rotor chamber whichoper'ng extends the width of several of the intermediate diaphragms and rotors and may be closed by rims of diaphragms or any portion of the opening may be left exposed tor the passage of steam by leaving .a space between diaphragms.

2. A multiple stagesteam turbine'having a sectional casing with a chamber containing plurality of ren'iovable diaphragms and rotors. one section of said casing having an auxiliary chamber with anopening from the auxiliary chamber to the diaphragm and rotor chamber, which opening extends the width of several of the diaphragms and"rov tors and is adapted. to be closed by a full ing a casing with. a chamber containing a plurality of diaphragms and rotors, said casing having upper and lower auxiliary chambers with openings from the auxiliary chambers to the diaphragm and. rotor chamber, which openings extend'the Width of several of the diaphragms and rotors and are partly closed by the rims of diaphragms, and. means for conducting steam received in one auxiliary chamber at one stage to the other auxiliary chamber v and to the dia phragm and rotor chamber at a lower stage.

MAYNARD n. CHURCH. 

